Urban public outdoor seats

3.2.1Types of urban public outdoor seats

 

Urban public seat is a kind of sitting and resting product, and it is the undertaker of people's sitting in this way. It is built together with

 

Architecture, painting and music were born along with human civilization, and were born because of the degree of civilization and social mechanism

 

Develop and develop, it spreads in our outdoor life, serving for the convenience of people's outdoor life,

 

It is one of the products that most contact with people in urban furniture, widely used in residential areas, streets, squares

 

Park and other outdoor public spaces.Urban public seats include common chairs, stools, etc

 

All kinds of natural or artificial objects in the outer space.Although they have different shapes, they are generated in exactly the right way

 

It can meet the function of rest, or make up for the vacancy of seat demand in position setting, so it belongs to

 

The category of outdoor public seat.

 

As far as the existing form of urban public outdoor seat is concerned, it can be divided into typical sitting furniture and non sitting furniture

 

There are two types of typical sitting and resting furniture.As shown in Figure 3-6, typical sitting and resting furniture mainly refers to outdoor space

 

This kind of products are mainly developed from traditional furniture

 

Come on, its form is relatively fixed, the selected materials are relatively traditional, and the structure can well reflect the materials and engineering

 

The non typical sitting and resting furniture mainly refers to those that can provide sitting and resting functions in outdoor space

 

Landscape architecture, artificial objects or accessories, such as flower beds, rockeries, pavilions and pavilions.The second kind of material carrier of outdoor public seat function belongs to the category of architectural landscape, because of the towel

 

This book will mainly analyze and study the first kind of outdoor public seat design with universal significance.

3.2.2The function of urban public outdoor seat

(1) Comfort of urban public outdoor seat

 

As far as the function of public outdoor seat is concerned, we should first consider the product comfort

 

The service object of furniture is people, and every seat we design is used by people, so outdoor public

 

The primary factor of seat comfort design is that the product should conform to human physiological factors.Basic skills of seat

 

It can make people sit comfortably and reduce fatigue. However, the cause of fatigue is a very complex problem,

 

Mainly from the contraction of muscles and ligaments.(on the one hand, sitting height, sitting depth, sitting width, sitting

 

The inclination angle of the surface is closely related.For example, sitting height is the vertical distance between the sitting surface of outdoor public seat and the ground

 

Separation is one of the important factors that affect the comfort of sitting posture. The appropriate sitting height should be in line with the legs of the person who is sitting and resting

 

In real life, the service object group of seat is often

 

The height of their knee rouge is different, so they can only use the lower limit value in the statistical data as the design basis

 

It is said that most people can sit on it, and generally choose the ruler on the 5th percentile of anthropometric data

 

Inch, to meet the majority of people's sitting and resting requirements.On the other hand, the part where the seat is in direct contact with the human body,

 

For example, the surface materials of sitting surface, armrest, backrest and other parts also affect the comfort of sitting and resting behavior

 

Prime.Due to the complexity of users, outdoor public seats must be made of dragon wood

 

The seat with different space properties has different surface materials due to its different functions

 

Big.Generally speaking, the more complex the composition of users is, the more open it is to the public, and the seat

 

The harder the material is, the less comfortable it is.

 

Secondly, the comfort design of urban public outdoor seats is affected by environmental factors, people in different empty spaces

 

There are different needs and behavior patterns, so there are different requirements for comfort.For example,

 

A residential area is an area for living and leisure. People either read books, read newspapers or talk with their families and friends on their seats

 

It is said that the time spent in playing cards and chess is relatively long every day or every time

 

Long, so it can be designed by increasing the size of sitting surface or adopting soft material to enhance comfort

 

Moderation.The pedestrian street, as a channel connecting commercial, catering, entertainment and other places, is the place to pass and watch

 

People's behavior themes and rest behaviors only occur when they are tired of shopping. Each use

 

The time is relatively short and the requirement for comfort is not high. Therefore, as shown in Figure 3-8, the chair surface can be equipped with

 

A certain tilt angle or direct use of strip and cylinder simple seats, so that although the comfort is not very high,

 

But it can promote human mobility.

 

In addition, comfort is closely related to the user group, for example, the elderly increase with age

 

Large, the body's static scale also changes, and its knee height, calf plus foot height, sitting depth and other body dimensions are larger

 

There is a 5% - 6% reduction in normal young people.Therefore, we are designing the

 

When the outdoor seat is installed, the size of each part of the seat shall be corresponding according to the relevant requirements of ergonomics

 

To meet the needs of the elderly for comfort.

(2) Space allocation of public outdoor seat in City

 

The spatial configuration of urban public outdoor seats is also crucial for the realization of product functions

 

.As the saying goes, "people make the best of their talents, and things make the best of their abilities", the configuration of public outdoor tables and chairs must be subordinated to them

 

The overall functionality of the space environment, according to the function of the space environment for reasonable layout processing, to meet

 

People need convenient and comfortable rest.However, it is often ignored in the actual project design

 

Point, outdoor seat configuration design becomes a vacuum zone between engineering departments, urban planners care about figure 3-9 public people

 

Capital caused by purchase

 

Can't satisfy

 

It's about the control of the building capacity of the land on both sides of the road. The landscape architect is concerned about the landscape sketch on both sides of the street

 

The configuration of outdoor seats is mostly after the completion of the overall landscape environment

 

Rationality, which also brings a lot of troubles and inconveniences to people's outdoor activities.As shown in Figure 3-9, I

 

Some seats are not in line with people's behavior habits or the target group is too small due to their placement position and combination mode

 

However, due to the low frequency of use, resources are wasted, while the number of users is not considered for other seats

 

Quantity, leading to the situation that can not meet people's needs.Therefore, in the design, we must consider comprehensively

 

The relationship between people, products, environment, people and many other influencing factors should be allocated scientifically and reasonably

 

Work.

 

In the outdoor space, any product is set to meet the specific needs of people

 

When designing, we should first consider the relationship between people and the environment, that is, the behavior model of people in a specific environment

 

Formula and its requirements.From the perspective of environmental behavior, human, behavior and environment are closely related

 

The unity of Guanxi and the interaction between human behavior and environment form a corresponding relationship, thus forming

 

The behavior pattern of human beings.Behavior pattern is the law of human behavior activities, and the inner needs of human beings generate motivation,

 

Motivation driven behavior, which is driven by people's inner needs and also influenced by the external environment, requires

 

Seeking, behavior and environment are an interrelated whole.Therefore, before configuration, it is necessary to

 

Behavioral patterns were investigated to determine the composition and structure of the population in the space, the size of the flow of people, and

 

Whether it is necessary to set or add outdoor seats.

 

Secondly, we should consider the relationship between people and products, that is, by observing the users' use of products

 

Analyze the main users and the types and characteristics of user behavior patterns, and

 

Different user groups show different needs in the process of using, and explore user behavior patterns

 

.Behind the potential demand to determine what needs to be added or improved to the existing outdoor sitting.

 

Finally, the relationship between people is also a key factor to be considered in the allocation of public seats.

 

People are the main body of space, so people should have the right and freedom to choose and dominate space. Is it alone or not

 

Sharing, closed or open, etc.For the same person, they are influenced by themselves, environment and other factors in outdoor activities

 

The influence and behavior of element are different. Sometimes, you may sit on the stone bench under the trees and study wholeheartedly

 

Reading newspapers, unwilling to be interfered by others, sometimes taking the initiative to come to a place where there are many people around the flower bed to chat, which generally shows that

 

There are two opposite relations between interaction and non interaction.Interaction includes company, conversation, cooperation, etc

 

Type, that is, people's various private and public social activities in outdoor space; non interactive relationship

 

It means that although people are in the same outdoor space, they are relatively independent of each other and do not have social behaviors.

 

It is precisely because of the existence of these two kinds of relationships between people that how to use them comprehensively and harmoniously in the configuration of public seats

 

The behavior relationship between users, meeting the psychological requirements of privacy and domain, becomes a value

 

Questions to think about.Whether it's privacy or domain requirements, it's all about users (groups) and individuals

 

The protection of space, although people do not really need an absolutely closed space environment in use, but

 

Everyone's freedom of action and psychological balance in sitting space are realistic.In many cases,

 

The designer mainly adjusts the combination mode, orientation and position of the seats to meet the different needs of the users.

 

As shown in Figure 3-10, in order to meet the needs of individual non interactive behavior and group interactive behavior of single or multiple people

 

In the design, the public seat is configured as a centripetal compound combination, which makes the seat square

 

The style is flexible and changeable. People can not only take a single seat and rest here, but also meet the needs of social entertainment for many people.

 

In Figure 3-11, the irregular curvilinear seat configuration and multi angle change are suitable for different social groups

 

The need of movement enriches the form of space and makes it a beautiful landscape in the city streets.

 

In addition, we should also configure outdoor public seats according to the environmental conditions of specific space, such as

 

For example, in high-rise building intensive areas, certain wind environment changes will occur, even due to high buildings along the street

 

When the air flow passes through the street, the operating section suddenly shrinks, resulting in the wind force per unit section and

 

With the increase of wind speed, there is a strong "street canyon wind" at the bottom of street space, causing material loss and people

 

Casualties, in this kind of environment, the configuration of outdoor seat should be considered.

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