The influence of environmental factors on furniture design

1.3.3Environmental factors

 

The so-called environment means that compared with a central thing, it depends on the difference of the central thing

 

Different, changes with the change of the central thing.The outdoor space environment faced by human beings is dominated by human beings

 

The city is a complex composed of the corresponding natural ecological environment and social environment

 

The outdoor survival and development of Chinese people provides the most basic conditions, which is the material for human survival and development

 

Basics.Therefore, we should make full use of these environmental factors to better guide the outside world

 

With design.

(1) Natural environment

 

The natural environment is different from the artificial environment. It is mainly caused by the bad geographical environment and climate

 

Composition of environment.The geographical environment directly affects the physical and chemical conditions of the land, and the large-scale geomorphic unit shadow

 

It will affect the characteristics of atmospheric circulation, form unique heat and water conditions, and then form a unique climate.

 

China has a vast territory with significant geographical and spatial differences. The climate conditions in the eastern part of China are good, and the water is in charge

 

The middle part is the transition area from plateau to plain, with large relief and complex terrain,

 

The natural elements are transitional, sensitive and fragile, and the climate types are also complex and changeable. The western region is

 

Desert and alpine environment, bad climate conditions.In terms of outdoor furniture design, these natural rings

 

Environmental factors seem to be irrelevant, but a close analysis shows that they are closely related.example

 

For example, due to the hot and humid climate in the south of China, ventilation should be considered in the design

 

The air can block the shape of sunshine and rain. At the same time, the design of materials and structures should be avoided as much as possible

 

Or reduce the occurrence of aging and corrosion of components caused by external forces such as humid climate to meet the production requirements

 

Requirements for safety and durability of products.

(2) Social environment

 

Social environment, also known as artificial environment or human environment.There is an old saying: "human beings cannot live without

 

Group. "Since the birth of human beings on the earth, they have organized their own communities in the way of living together

 

Social system, all kinds of communication behaviors in social life become an important button to maintain the balance and development of social relations

 

Through communication, people organize production, realize people to people communication, obtain information and communicate

 

Get inspiration... Communication is everywhere.It is in this social intercourse that human beings form

 

It is a social environment complex composed of politics, economy, humanity, law, customs and other factors.outdoors

 

As a product of social development, furniture is not only a simple functional material product, but also a product of

 

The social environment is closely related to the material carrier with rich information and cultural forms.For example, 20

 

The appearance of the movable wooden outdoor seats of steamboat type in the early 20th century not only reflected the social leisure and

 

The rapid development of free culture was also the embodiment of ocean liner travel which was just emerging at that time.Because of the towel,

 

In the design of outdoor furniture, we should fully consider the social environment we live in, and extract the distinctive forms and symbols

 

Number and other elements make the design consistent with people's aesthetic needs and value orientation.

 

Although the name of outdoor furniture appears later, it is not the product of modern civilization. Its history can

 

Dating back to the cave life in the primitive society, in order to keep away from cold and tide, people began to use local materials and thatch

 

Leaves, stumps, stones and other items are used as simple furniture, forming the prototype of the original outdoor furniture

 

As early as the 3rd century BC, when most European countries were still in the stone age, the ancient Egyptians had

 

He began to build palaces, and made interior and outdoor furniture out of wood and bricks.Ancient Greece, ancient Rome

 

In this period, influenced by the "two Xi culture", the earliest leisure thought of human society began to sprout and influenced the architecture

 

Shape had an important impact, large-scale atrium and courtyard began to appear, people in the atrium and courtyard

 

The central pool, garden, stone courtyard corridor and other facilities used to collect rainwater were built, which also formed

 

Some of the more primitive garden outdoor furniture; also in the Dionysus theater on the south side of the Acropolis in Athens, Greece

 

The earliest marble outdoor chair with feet imitating lion claw shape also appears in (Fig. 1-13).To the Middle Ages

 

During the period of the 12th century, there were two different types of religious temple courtyard and Castle courtyard in Europe, and the courtyard decoration

 

Decoration and entertainment gradually increased, and outdoor furniture, as an important part of the courtyard, was obtained in this period

 

A certain development has been achieved.

 

After the Renaissance and religious reform, the west gradually got rid of the dark religious rule,

 

The rise of humanism and rationalism promotes the vigorous development of leisure culture and social intercourse in the upper class

 

Art Renaissance

 

chair

 

Recreational activities are frequent.Outdoor benches made of cast iron or concrete are now well known

 

In this period, it began to appear, which was mainly carved from marble, and the overall shape of the bench was gorgeous

 

It is heavy, with rough lines, and adopts relief decoration techniques to show the acanthus leaves, leaf like plain lines

 

Scroll decoration classical decorative pattern (Figure 1-14)

 

In 18th century England, famous furniture designer Thomas

 

Chippendale, 1718-1779) influenced by Chinese gardens and architecture, the Gothic

 

French Rococo and Chinese classical architecture in the window lattice design of the Chinese Style Bench gradually began

 

Popular (Figure 1-15), the overall linear of furniture is simple and powerful, giving a sense of stability and elegance.

 

18In the 1960s, the first industrial revolution initiated by Britain initiated the replacement of handicrafts with machines

 

In the new era of furniture, it also has an important impact on the development of outdoor furniture.From the end of the 18th century to the 19th

 

In the early period of the 19th century, outdoor furniture made of cast iron first appeared in England, mainly made of ferns and grapes

 

Yan Guan fine objects, as a decorative pattern of furniture, reflect a kind of special Yangzhuang City FA Lai (road 116), the same as room 1-15

 

At that time, British businesses used mechanized production to create a large number of bottoms made of wire or bent metal strips

 

Figure 1-16 cast iron household

 

Figure 1-17 metal wire twin

 

Peacock chair

 

Among the outdoor seats in the courtyard, "peacock chair" is the most representative work, with light and simple furniture shape (Fig

 

Figure 1-18 rattan

 

Chair

 

1-17).

 

19In the first half of the century, the earliest rattan and branch woven outdoor furniture appeared in England.Romantic advocate

 

Under the influence of the concept of nature, people began to like to plant ivy and climbing plants in the courtyard

 

Gradually, the chairs in the courtyard began to adopt branch weaving technology, which made rattan, willow branch and other materials easy to bend

 

Woven together, the earliest outdoor furniture made of rattan and branch is formed (Fig. 1-18).Same with this

 

At the same time, many natural parks in the UK have also made extensive use of wood grain, bark, leaves and other rough materials

 

Rough seat furniture (Fig. 1-19)

 

In the United States, the romantic view of nature has been sought after by many middle classes, and people began to pay attention to it

 

Heavy garden, porch and other transitional space design connecting indoor and outdoor, using branches, trunks, vines, etc

 

The material is made into a porch decorated with country style furniture such as seats and tables (Fig. 1-20).

 

1860After the first industrial revolution in the United States, the strength of capitalist industrial and commercial economy in the North

 

It surpassed the slave plantation economy in the south, which deepened the spear between the two different economic systems

 

Shield.The next year, the American Civil War broke out, and this war also promoted the development of outdoor furniture, canvas

 

Foldable outdoor seats and tents are widely used (Figure 1-21, figure 1-22).After the war, with the world

 

With the gradual formation of the film and television industry, the folding seat which attaches great importance to comfort and convenience has been directed by the directors

 

And it is called "director's chair" (Figure 1-23)

 

20At the beginning of the 20th century, with the development of American capitalist economy and the formation and expansion of the middle class, the

 

The more people come here, the more they think that overwork is just as destructive as idleness, and they think that they should pursue proper rest

 

Leisure is good and harmless.At the same time, social ethicist solstan wimblen published "the leisure class"

 

On, leisure has become a way of life and behavior, which also marks the gradual development of the United States

 

Entered the "leisure era".In this context, outdoor furniture has entered a rapid development period

 

With the increase of types and forms, leisure furniture in a real sense began to appear.

 

As shown in Figure 1-24, the outdoor seats with single wheelbarrow should be transported with the development of technology and art

 

However, this kind of seat which can be moved freely in the courtyard embodies the essence of free leisure culture

 

God, and broke the inherent concept of seat design, that is, to stay in place, for the design of outdoor furniture in the future

 

Plan to expand the thinking.At the same time, the early people in the courtyard for children's entertainment in the autumn dry, the

 

It is skillfully integrated with the traditional chairs, forming a common sight in the courtyard and garden

 

The swing chair of "lawn swing" is similar to the swing chair of "lawn swing". This kind of chair integrates functionality with

 

Entertainment in one, let people experience the pleasure of leisure in use (Figure 1-25).

 

In this period, cruise ocean travel has also entered a golden age, people in order to facilitate in electricity

 

Figure 1

 

Leisure and entertainment on the field board, the folding canvas outdoor seats are photographed and designed to form a deck

 

Low slung deck chair (Fig. 1-26), which was first built by British businessmen

 

chart

 

Designed by John Moore.The recliner can only be locked in one position when it is first opened

 

In the later stage, in order to meet people's different seating needs, it was designed into a form similar to the modern reclining chair

 

In order to support the adjustment of various sitting positions, sometimes even equipped with a movable footstool.In addition, the

 

Mobile outdoor seats derived from folding recliners have also begun to appear, which can be used anywhere in the courtyard

 

The form of the mobile seat is similar to the reclining chair which often appears at the swimming pool (Figure 1-27).

 

In England in the early 20th century, sir

 

Edwin Lutyens) designed a number of "luternes flowers" suitable for folk courtyard and garden

 

Lutyens garden bench is a beautiful seat with long flat sitting surface and width

 

Wide foot cross braces create a strong contrast, with scrolling armrests and rhythmic checkerboard backrests

 

The design not only highlights the elegance and simplicity of Victorian furniture, but also makes people more comfortable when sitting down

 

Well, compared with other garden seats in the same period, it's a bit more romantic (Figure 1-28). At the same time,

 

With the development of technology and materials, Italian designer piersent created a new concrete pouring technology

 

There is a classical style of Rafael chair (Figure 1-29)

 

After the Second World War, with the rapid development of global economy and science and technology, large-scale industrial production gradually

 

Instead of heavy manual labor, many developed countries have gradually reduced the working hours of workers (from weekly

 

Work 6 days, work 12 hours a day, gradually reduce to 5 days a week, work 7-8 hours a day), people

 

Liberated from the heavy physical labor, we have more leisure time. The era of mass leisure

 

With it.People redefine leisure as being able to choose leisure freely and emphasize that leisure is life

 

The main pleasure of living is the way to realize self-worth.At the same time, in some Western societies, there is also rest

 

Leisure and work are increasingly blurred, leisure is becoming the ultimate goal of life.

 

In western developed countries such as Europe and the United States, people have gradually changed their previous way of life, starting from indoors

 

Go outdoors and have healthy and comfortable outdoor activities, which also makes outdoor furniture enter a high-speed development

 

Period.On the one hand, in the evolution of people's life form and the development of science and technology, outdoor furniture

 

Chair developed into a modern culvert

 

Li's huge product system;

 

Its species and functions are constantly improved and enriched, and the species are changed from the original simple courtyard gull

 

Wood, stone, etc

 

Cover outdoor seat, garden umbrella, outdoor gazebo, awning, outdoor products, etc

 

The material also extends from the original single use of wood and stone to today's metal and plastic.

 

Comprehensive utilization of materials provides people with healthy, convenient and comfortable outdoor life.On the other hand

 

The demand for outdoor furniture is also increasing. According to statistics, in 2009, the global demand for outdoor furniture and supplies

 

The total market demand is about US $23.340 billion, and it is estimated that the total global market demand will be about US $23.340 billion by 2015

 

281.7Billion dollars.Among them, the market demand of developed countries in Europe and the United States accounts for a large proportion, which is close to that of the world

 

60%.Europe is the world's largest consumer of outdoor furniture and supplies, Germany, France, Britain

 

Spain, Italy, the Netherlands and other major consumer countries.Meanwhile, according to casual living

 

According to the market research report published by the magazine, 1 / 3 of outdoor leisure furniture and supplies are consumed in the United States

 

Outdoor leisure areas will be renovated once a year, and more than half of consumers will change according to the season

 

In the outdoor leisure area, the average replacement cycle of products is generally 1.48 years, which belongs to the consumption area that needs frequent replacement

 

Consumer goods, outdoor leisure furniture and supplies market demand continues to increase, the industry continues to expand.

 

In China, outdoor furniture was opened in Zhejiang, Guangdong and other places in the late 1980s and early 1990s

 

It began to rise and gradually developed into other provinces and cities in the mainland.At present, China's outdoor furniture industry is rapid

 

In addition to the demand of outdoor furniture driven by tourism and leisure, some big cities in China encourage outdoor catering

 

Business and commercial service industry, outdoor furniture, which has been in the cold in China, can take advantage of this opportunity,

 

Enter a new period of development.In addition, with the continuous improvement of housing conditions, living in the wrong place

 

There are more and more people in the floor, the yuelou and the villa. There are landing balconies or open-air platforms at home, and they have their own

 

Gardens are no longer rare.The outward extension of living space promotes people to create outdoor space

 

Second, the idea of private space, outdoor furniture has a natural place.

 

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